Historical Biogeography of Melastomataceae: the Roles of Tertiary Migration and Long-distance Dispersal1
نویسندگان
چکیده
Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae are pantropically distributed sister groups for which an ndhF gene phylogeny for 91 species in 59 genera is here linked with Eurasian and North American fossils in a molecular clock approach to biogeographical reconstruction. Nine species from the eight next-closest families are used to root phylogenetic trees obtained under maximum likelihood criteria. Melastomataceae comprise ;3000 species in the neotropics, ;1000 in tropical Asia, 240 in Africa, and 225 in Madagascar in 150– 166 genera, and the taxa sampled come from throughout this geographic range. Based on fossils, ranges of closest relatives, tree topology, and calibrated molecular divergences, Melastomataceae initially diversified in Paloecene/Eocene times in tropical forest north of the Tethys. Their earliest (Eocene) fossils are from northeastern North America, and during the Oligocene and Miocene melastomes occurred in North America as well as throughout Eurasia. They also entered South America, with earliest (Oligocene) South American fossils representing Merianieae. One clade (Melastomeae) reached Africa from the neotropics 14–12 million years ago and from there spread to Madagascar, India, and Indochina. Basalmost Melastomataceae (Kibessieae, Astronieae) are species-poor lineages restricted to Southeast Asia. However, a more derived Asian clade (Sonerileae/Dissochaeteae) repeatedly reached Madagascar and Africa during the Miocene and Pliocene. Contradicting earlier hypotheses, the current distribution of Melastomataceae is thus best explained by Neogene long-distance dispersal, not Gondwana fragmentation.
منابع مشابه
Historical biogeography of Melastomataceae: the roles of Tertiary migration and long-distance dispersal.
Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae are pantropically distributed sister groups for which an ndhF gene phylogeny for 91 species in 59 genera is here linked with Eurasian and North American fossils in a molecular clock approach to biogeographical reconstruction. Nine species from the eight next-closest families are used to root phylogenetic trees obtained under maximum likelihood criteria. Melastom...
متن کاملParticipative Biogeography-Based Optimization
Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) has recently gained interest of researchers due to its simplicity in implementation, efficiency and existence of very few parameters. The BBO algorithm is a new type of optimization technique based on biogeography concept. This population-based algorithm uses the idea of the migration strategy of animals or other species for solving optimization problems. t...
متن کاملMissing fossils, molecular clocks, and the origin of the Melastomataceae.
In a recent analysis of the historical biogeography of Melastomataceae, Renner, Clausing, and Meyer (2001; American Journal of Botany 88(7): 1290-1300) rejected the hypothesis of a Gondwana origin. Using a fossil-calibrated chloroplast DNA (ndhF) phylogeny, they placed the early diversification of Melastomataceae in Laurasia at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary (ca. 55 Ma) and suggested that long-d...
متن کاملSolving Traveling Salesman Problem based on Biogeography-based Optimization and Edge Assembly Cross-over
Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm has recently been of great interest to researchers for simplicity of implementation, efficiency, and the low number of parameters. The BBO Algorithm in optimization problems is one of the new algorithms which have been developed based on the biogeography concept. This algorithm uses the idea of animal migration to find suitable habitats for solvin...
متن کاملEfficient Strategy based on Improved Biogeography-based Algorithm for Inventory Routing problem
Researchers and urban administrators have often considered the routing problem as one of the fundamental phases in developing hazard management systems. In this research, a routing problem is investigated and analyzed by proposing an enhanced metaheuristic algorithm based on biogeography. In this problem, the production planning, inventory management, and distribution planning have been conside...
متن کامل